Amoxicillin for oral administration is the drug of choice for initial treatment of children with purulent bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, and urinary tract infections. Its efficiency was confirmed by the results of many randomized placebo-controlled studies.

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, in the absence of risk factors the treatment with amoxicillin is effective in approximately 80% of children with acute bacterial sinusitis. These risk factors include: recent (less than 90 days) antimicrobial therapy, and age younger than 2 years. Use of amoxicillin as first-line therapy is actual due to its effectiveness, safety, good tolerability as well as low cost.

Tactics of treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia should include limited use of oxacillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole as empirical therapy. In children aged 6 months to 15 years, treatment of uncomplicated pneumonia is conducted outpatiently with prescription of oral medications. Antibacterial agents of first choice are amoxicillin and macrolides, the alternative are amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and cefuroxime axetil. In atypical pneumonia, it is advisable to begin the treatment with macrolides.

Treatment of children with acute otitis media usually starts from the observation by a doctor and symptomatic treatment. In cases of negative dynamics or lack of positive dynamics, it is advised to start antibiotic therapy. Such a decision must be followed by prescribing amoxicillin. In case of severe form (moderate or severe pain in the ears, fever 39 ° C and above) as well as in case of a necessary action on Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis producing b-lactamases, should be used amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (Clinical Practice Guidelines of American Academy of Pediatrics, 2004).

Usually in the treatment of patients with urinary tract infections are used amoxicillin, sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim), or cephalosporins. In patients with no positive dynamics after 2 days of treatment with anti-microbial agents, the antimicrobial therapy should be reviewed on the basis of another bacteriological examination (Clinical Practice Guidelines of American Academy of Pediatrics, 2004).